This White Paper on Anti-Displacement Strategy Effectiveness, which was originally published in 2021 and updated in 2026, examines the evidence on how well anti-displacement policies – housing production, preservation, and tenant protections – are working to keep communities in place.  Drawing on a review of almost 400 articles in the academic and gray literature, as well as interviews with 25 practitioners and academics, the paper summarizes the literature on 21 distinct anti-displacement strategies, specifies a research agenda specifically for the State of California, and lay out some sample research designs. For each strategy, based on the previous studies, we determined the potential to prevent displacement (asking by how much? how directly?), the type of market necessary to make it effective, the implementation scale, and the likely timeframe in which it works. Complementing this literature review, this report provides an inventory of anti-displacement policies across all California jurisdictions, available at https://www.urbandisplacement.org/maps/california-anti-displacement-policy-map/